System Architecture

The prototype is built on a modular structure that allows easy expansion and customization according to customer needs. Main components are organized in three functional layers:

• Sensor layer: Multiple sensors connected via analog and digital protocols (1-Wire, I2C, Modbus)
• Processing layer: Low-power microcontroller for reading, processing, and local data storage
• Communication layer: 4G/LTE and WiFi connectivity modules for real-time transmission to ThingSpeak platform

Main Components

Performance and Autonomy

• Autonomy without solar charge: 7-10 days in low-power mode
• Sampling interval: Configurable from 1 minute to 24 hours
• Time accuracy: GPS/NTP synchronization
• Average consumption: 50-150mA in normal operation, <5mA in sleep
• Operating temperature: -10°C to +60°C
• Operating humidity: 10% to 95% RH (non-condensing)
• Transmission range: Up to 10km in good cellular coverage areas

Software Features

• Updateable firmware: OTA (Over-The-Air) via cellular connectivity
• Data synchronization: Every 15 minutes to ThingSpeak (configurable)
• Local logging: In case of connectivity loss, stores data for later sync
• Configurable alerts: Notifications when readings exceed defined thresholds
• Remote calibration: Parameter adjustment without physical visit

• Monitoring of cacao crops in mountainous areas with difficult access
• Pest and disease prediction based on local microclimate
• Irrigation system optimization in terrain with variable topography
• Agroclimatic research in ecological transition zones
• Validation of water stress and nutrient requirement models